Charge Traps in Organic Semiconductors Can Actually Generate Electricity
Organic semiconductors have been in use on a small scale since 2002, when Philips created an OLED display for one of its electric shavers. They’ve since been used in a Kodak digital camera and, more recently, in a Sony 27-inch prototype OLED TV. Their lower cost and ease of manufacturing means they have great potential for use in device manufacturing.
Recently, scientists at Swansea University have developed a very sensitive method to detect the tiny signatures of so-called “charge traps” in organic semiconductors.
The research, published in Nature Communications and supported by the Welsh Government through the European Regional Development Fund, may change views about what limits the performance of organic solar cells, photodetectors and OLEDs.
Organic semiconductors are materials mainly made of carbon and hydrogen which can be flexible, low weight and colorful.
They are the key components in OLED displays, solar cells and photodetectors that can distinguish different colors and even mimic the rods and cones of the human eye.
The efficiency of organic solar cells to convert sunlight to electricity has recently reached 18% and the race is on to really understand the fundamentals of how they work.
Lead author Nasim Zarrabi, a PhD student at Swansea University said: “For a long time, we guessed that some charges that are generated by the sunlight can be trapped in the semiconductor layer of the solar cell, but we’ve never really been able to prove it.
“These traps make solar cells less efficient, photodetectors less sensitive and an OLED TV less bright, so we really need a way to study them and then understand how to avoid them — this is what motivates our work and why these recent findings are so important.”
Research lead Dr. Ardalan Armin said, “Ordinarily, traps are ‘dead ends’ so to speak; in our study we see them also generating new charges rather than annihilating them completely.
“We’d predicted this could maybe happen, but until now did not have the experimental accuracy to detect these charges generated via traps.”
Dr. Oskar Sandberg, the theorist behind the work, said that he has been waiting for such experimental accuracy for several years.
“What we observed experimentally has been known in silicon and gallium arsenide as intermediate band solar cells, in organic solar cells it has never been shown that traps can generate charges,” he said.
The additional charges generated by the traps are tiny, so they don’t generate a lot of electricity. “But it is sufficient to be able to study these effects and maybe find ways to control them in order to make genuine improvements in device performance,” Sandberg said.
Source: Swansea University
