Optical Connections Designed For Battery Management

KDPOF now provide their plastic optical fiber connections for Battery Management Systems (BMS) in vehicles.

“Electric and hybrid power trains present different voltage domains with large level differences, such as the ECU domain with 12V, the actuators domain with 48V, and the electric power domain with 400V,” explained Carlos Pardo, CEO and co-founder of KDPOF.

“The galvanic isolation between these domains is a must due to ground parasitic resistance and potential shorts between voltage domains.”

Optical connections with POF provide the optimal means to achieve galvanic isolation, providing 100Mbps Ethernet compatible solutions with enough margin to withstand the harsh automotive environment.

In addition, they are easy to upgrade to 1,000Mbps when a higher data rate is required.

Galvanic isolation

The lack of galvanic isolation between the domains of a battery management system causes a serious threat to the user and a source of severe damage to the electromechanical parts of the car.

Galvanic isolation is also necessary between the primary and secondary systems of both AC/DC and DC/DC converters due to the presence of hazardous high voltage (above 25VAC or 60VDC).

According to the FMVSS 305 and ECE-R standards, the isolation barrier between battery and exposed conductive parts should maintain 500Ω/V before and after a crash impact.

“This is a tough requirement that is very hard to reach without a nearly perfect isolation that copper-based networks are unable to ensure,” added Carlos Pardo.

A low cost and low performance means to achieve galvanic isolation is an opto couplers based solution, which is rather unreliable and offers very limited speed performance.

Looking at optical connections, Glass Optical Fiber (GOF) does not provide enough margin for automotive requirements.

This solution is mainly aimed at the highly-controlled environment of data centers, and does not meet automotive norms.

Consequently, the first choice for battery management systems is Gigabit Ethernet POF (GEPOF), which perfectly meets the requirements of carmakers by providing high connectivity with a flexible digital host interface, low latency, low jitter, and low linking time.

KDPOF’s transceiver for Ethernet over POF, the KD1053, is optimized for low power and small footprint and transmits data at 1000/100Mbps on standard SI-POF, MC-POF, or PCS, according to 1000BASE-RH (IEEE 802.3bv).